Phyllis Salsedo (pbrennan00@yahoo.com)
Sun, 11 Apr 1999 20:39:57 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Sun, 11 Apr 1999 20:39:57 -0700 (PDT) From: Phyllis Salsedo <pbrennan00@yahoo.com> Subject: Help?
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I need your help! My VTE593 prof challenged us to find the answers to
the following questions for extra credit. Unfortunately, it’s no
longer an assignment because her CNN source has dropped the article.
Can anyone help me find the answers somewhere or can help me find an
old source in archives somewhere for this CNN article?
1. In 1962 Paul Baran and his collegues at Rand proposed a new system
of network design for sending computer messages. What was his concept
called?
2. It was computer pioneer J.C.R. Licklider who first articulated a
vision of something resembling an Internet system in 1963. In his memo
to "Members of the
Intergalatic Computer Network" what did he theorize?
3. In 1966 Bob Taylor was not happy. What does this have to do with the
history of the Internet?
4. In 1968 the precursor to the Internet was born. It used packet
switching technology to create Interface Message Processors (IMPs).
Four sites were all shipped IMPs. Once they were hooked up to phone
lines, the IMPs at these four sites began to exchange packets long
distance. What was this new network called and what were the first four
sites connected?
5. The new network provided three types of services initially, email
was added later. What were the first three types of services offered?
6. The Department of Defense took over the network in 1975. It is
because of this that many Internet historians incorrectly cite "the
ability to keep working during a nuclear war" as the reason for the
net's creation. What is the more accurate reason for the net's
creation?
7. Because the DOD took over the network in 1975 many organizations
that wanted to belong to the network were shut-out. Only certain
universities, goveremental agencies,
and computer companies qualified for membership because of the type of
work they conducted. Other organizations, left out of the network,
formed their own
networks. There were two notable networks formed by education and
research sites. What were they?
8. The multiple networks that emerged had a problem communicating with
each other. They needed a common "language" to allow them to share
information between. A
communication standard was created (that is still used today) that
allowed the different networks to connect to each other. That
communication standard is called:
9. These multiple networks connected to each other using TCP/IP became
known as the Internet. The computer science definition of an Interne
10. The ARPANET finally switched over to using TCP/IP. It is on this
date that the "Internet" officially began.
11. Communication tools were the first tools introduced on the
Internet. In cooperation with email, discussion groups (or electronic
mailing lists) created in the late 70's became
very popular. In addition, a bulletin board like system, created by a
Duke University Student in 1975 also became popular. What was this
bulletin board system called?
12. As the number of sites and users on the Internet grew, so did the
amount of information. Users became flustrated trying to find
information on the network. In 1990 the first searchable index of FTP
sites was created at McGill by computer scientists Peter Deutsch, Alan
Emtage and Bill Heelan as an unofficial project at an unused
workstation.
This first index was called ____________.
13. In 1991 the first widely popular "Internet navigator" let
"information owners" organize data into hierarchical menus. Users
could then view, scroll through and make selections
from these menus. This first navigator was called
__________.
14. The only problem with the first navigator was that it had no index!
To solve this problem an idex of the hierarchical data was created by
two graduate students.
What was this index called (and what did the acronym stand for)?
15. The following year in Geneva, Switzerland, CERN physicist Tim
Berners-Lee devised a way to organize the Internet-based information
and resources he needed for his
physics research. His system allowed graphics and hyperlinks to exist
in document transmitted over the Internet. His system was called
______________
16. This handy Internet "browser" developed by Marc Andreessen and
others at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
made the Web and the Internet more accessible and user-friendly. It
allowed access to many Internet resources (email, FTP, gopher, web,
etc.) with a single program. Created in 1993 (before Netscape or
Explorer) it was called ___________.
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